guacariduit

1. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
2. DNA is part of our definition of a living organism.
3. DNA is found in all living things.
4. DNA was first isolated in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher.
5. James Watson and Francis Crick figured out the structure of DNA.
6. DNA is a double helix.
7. The structure of DNA can be likened to a twisted ladder.
8. The rungs of the ladder are made up of “bases”
9. Adenine (A) is a base.
10. Thymine (T) is a base.
11. Cytosine (C) is a base
12. Guanine (G) is a base.
13. A always pairs with T in DNA.
14. C also pairs with G in DNA.
15. The amount of A is equal to the amoun tof T, same for C and G.
16. A+T = T+G
17. Hydrogen bonds hold the bases together.
18. The sides of the DNA ladder is made of sugars and phosphate atoms.
19. Bases attached to a sugar; this complex is called a nucleoside.
20. Sugar + phosphate + base = nucleotide.
21. The DNA ladder usually twists to the right.
22. There are many conformations of DNA: A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA are the only ones found in nature.
23. Almost all the cells in our body have DNA with the exception of red blood cells.
24. DNA is the “blueprint” of life.
25. Chromosomal or nuclear DNA is DNA found in the nucleus of cells.
26. Humans have 46 chromosomes.
27. Autosomal DNA is part of chromosomal DNA but does not include the two sex chromsomes - X and Y.
28. One chromosome can have as little as 50 million base pairs or as much as 250 million base pairs.
29. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is found in the mitochondria.
30. mtDNA is only passed from the mother to the child because only eggs have mitochondria, not sperm.
31. There’s a copy of our entire DNA sequence in every cell of our body with one exception.
32. Our entire DNA sequence is called a genome.
33. There’s an estimated 3 billion DNA bases in our genome.
34. One million bases (called a megabase and abbreviated Mb) of DNA sequence data is roughly equivalent to 1 megabyte of computer data storage space.
35. Our entire DNA sequence would fill 200 1,000-page New York City telephone directories.
36. A complete 3 billion base genome would take 3 gigabytes of storage space.
37. If unwound and tied together, the strands of DNA in one cell would stretch almost six feet but would be only 50 trillionths of an inch wide.
38. In humans, the DNA molecule in a non-sex cell would have a total length of 1.7 metres.
39. If you unwrap all the DNA you have in all your cells, you could reach the moon 6000 times!
40. Our sex cells–eggs and sperm–have only half of our total DNA.
41. Over 99% of our DNA sequence is the same as other humans’.
42. DNA can self-replicate using cellular machinery made of proteins.
43. Genes are made of DNA.
44. Genes are pieces of DNA passed from parent to offspring that contain hereditary information.
45. The average gene is 10,000 to 15,000 bases long.
46. The segment of DNA designated a gene is made up of exons and introns.
47. Exons have the code for making proteins.
48. Introns are intervening sequences sometimes called “junk DNA.”
49. Junk DNA’s function or lack thereof is a source of debate.
50. Part of “junk DNA” help to regulate the genomic activity.
51. There are an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 genes in our genome.
52. In 2000, a rough draft of the human genome (complete DNA sequence) was completed.
53. In 2003, the final draft of the human genome was completed.
54. The human genome sequence generated by the private genomics company Celera was based on DNA samples collected from five donors who identified themselves only by race and sex.
55. If all the DNA in your body was put end to end, it would reach to the sun and back over 600 times (100 trillion times six feet divided by 92 million miles).
56. It would take a person typing 60 words per minute, eight hours a day, around 50 years to type the human genome.
57. If all three billion letters in the human genome were stacked one millimeter apart, they would reach a height 7,000 times the height of the Empire State Building.
58. DNA is translated via cellular mechanisms into proteins.
59. DNA in sets of 3 bases, called a codon, code for amino acids, the building blocks of protein.
60. Changes in the DNA sequence are called mutations.
61. Many thing can cause mutations, including UV irradiation from the sun, chemicals like drugs, etc.
62. Mutations can be changes in just one DNA base.
63. Mutations can involve more than one DNA base.
64. Mutations can involve entire segments of chromosomes.
65. Single nucleotide polymorpshisms (SNPs) are single base changes in DNA.
66. Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short sequences of DNA repeated consecutively.
67. Some parts of the DNA sequence do not make proteins.
68. Genes make up only about 2-3% of our genome.
69. DNA is affected by the environment; environmental factors can turn genes on and off.
70. There are many ways you can analyze your DNA using commercially available tests.
71. Paternity tests compare segments of DNA between the potential father and child.
72. There are other types of relationship testing that compares DNA between siblings, grandparents and grandchild, etc.
73. DNA tests can help you understand your risk of disease.
74. A DNA mutation or variation may be associated with a higher risk of a number of diseases, including breast cancer.
75. DNA tests can help you understand your family history aka genetic genealogy.
76. DNA tests can help you understand your ethnic make-up.
77. DNA can be extracted from many different types of samples: blood, cheek cells, urine.
78. DNA can be stored either as cells on a cotton swab, buccal brush, or frozen blood or in extracted form.
79. In forensics, DNA analysis usually looks at 13 specific DNA markers (segments of DNA).
80. The odds that two individuals will have the same 13-loci DNA profile is about one in one billion.
81. A DNA fingerprint is a set of DNA markers that is unique for each individual except identical twins.
82. Identical twins share 100% of their genes.
83. Siblings share 50% of their genes.
84. A parent and child share 50% of their genes.
85. You can extract DNA at home from fruit and even your own cheek cells.
86. DNA is used to determine the pedigree for livestock or pets.
87. DNA is used in wildlife forensics to identify endangered species and people who hunt them (poachers).
88. DNA is used in identify victims of accidents or crime.
89. DNA is used to exonerate innocent people who’ve been wrongly convicted.
90. Many countries, including the US and UK, maintain a DNA database of convicted criminals.
91. The CODIS databank (COmbined DNA Index System) is maintained by the BI and has DNA profiles of convicted criminals.
92. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify a sample of DNA so that there are more copies to analyze.
93. We eat DNA every day.
94. DNA testing is used to authenticate food like caviar and fine wine.
95. DNA is used to determine the purity of crops.
96. Genetically modified crops have DNA from another organism inserted to give the crops properties like pest resistance.
97. Dolly the cloned sheep had the same nuclear DNA as its donor mom but its mitochondrial DNA came from from the egg mom. (Does that make any sense?)
98. People like to talk about DNA even if it bears no relation to science or reality.
99. A group of bloggers who write regularly about DNA and genetics have banded to gether to form The DNA Network.
100. Lists about DNA can get a little boring.

Source:by Dr. Hsien-Hsien LeiPosted August 20, 2007 in DNA Fun, DNA in General

Your favorite thing about having a blog may soon be this - they naturally attract search engine traffic.

Blogs already have optimized site architecture. Most are set up with a clear navigation, where every page is set up to link back to the other main pages.

They also have the inherent potential to be well-linked.

If you haven’t already submitted to blog directories, you are missing out on some great one-way links. Many of the top directories can be found on Robin Good?s Top 55 list at MasterNewMedia.org.

But before you head over there and start submitting, you should know a little about how to optimize your blog. Then your new listings can help your site get the best keyword placement in the major search engines.

These are my top five tips for lucrative blog search engine optimization.

Lucrative Blog SEO Tip #1: Lucrative Keyword Choices

You have a choice. You can target a general high traffic keyword you have little chance of ranking well for and get barely any traffic.

Or you can shoot for a keyword that gets a moderate level of targeted traffic resulting in more subscribers and sales. I like to call this a “lucrative keyword”.

Whatever you call them, here’s the most important thing: They may not get you the most traffic, but they often bring the most profit.

You may be surprised to learn that there isn’t always a correlation between high traffic and high sales. Many of the most profitable sites in the world get moderate traffic because their lucrative keywords result in a much higher ratio of visitors to buyers.

A recent article in Information Week stated that the highest conversion rates from search engine traffic comes from people who do four word queries.

The great thing about your blog is that it can get so well-indexed that you have the potential to show up for any number of four word phrases that are relevant to your industry.

It isn’t just the four word phrases that get converting traffic - there are two and three word phrases that can bring you traffic and sales.

Targeting your blog discussion to a two or three word phrase that has a high yield of traffic, and yet has little competition, is not a dream of past Internet days. Another recent study revealed that surprisingly high percentages of search engine queries debuted as late as 2004.

As long as there are new developments, new products, services and trends, you’ll never have a shortage of these terms if you learn how to discover them.

Lucrative Blog SEO Tip #2: Keyword Placement

Your blog can be set up to repeat the keywords that you want to target just enough times to establish a theme.

You can take full advantage of this in your post titles, your category names, the pages URL names, or even a combination of Technorati tags and the text of your permanent links that appear after each post.

Lucrative Blog SEO Tip #3: Timely Posting

Instead of pinging at 15 minute intervals when your site hasn’t been updated, or even pinging after every single post, you can actually get better results if you update or ping just once during one of three sweet spots in the day. Here’s one that you can use today.

Check your web site statistics. If you’re getting spidered every two weeks or even monthly, you can increase your number of spider visits by blogging on the anniversary of the period that the spider comes to your site. It takes a bit of monitoring, but you can often predict when the date of your last spider visit was.

An even faster way is to ping at a time when the spider is reading a page that carries your update. (This is a little harder to explain, as I’ve mentioned, but I have a resource that explains this process in-depth at my site.)

Lucrative Blog SEO Tip #4: Get Linked

Turn on your site feed(s) and use them to promote your blog. Robin Good’s guide can get you some great one way links.

If you sparingly include the lucrative keyword you selected in tip two in your title and description, all those link backs will contain the keyword term you most want attention for, which is often noted by the spiders as they follow the link through to your site.

Once there, if you use these and other tips to skew your blog a little more to the search-engine-friendly side, the synergistic effect is better, more profitable traffic.

Lucrative Blog SEO Tip #4: Frequent Updates

The more you post, the more food for the spider, which can cause the spider to react by splitting up its job into several visits, whereupon you have even more content, and so on, until the spider just adds you to a more frequent schedule of returns.

For example, my main site gets spidered several times daily by Google, and yet I can go a week without an update with no change in spider visits. This means my pages get indexed more often and my new pages show up faster.

Think of what that could do for the launch of your next product.

You’ll be happy to know that you don’t have to slave over long blog posts several times a day, all day long to get similar results from your blog. In fact, some blog software will let you set up your posts in advance, so that you can have posts show up daily even though you technically only blog once a month.

Source: www.searchengineguide.com

Disappointed with your online sales? What would you say if I told you, chances are, your less-than-stellar sales can be attributed to one of three problems?

If you aren’t making the sales you envisioned, it’s probably due to one of these three things:

1. You aren’t getting enough traffic
2. You aren’t getting the right kind of traffic
3. Your site isn’t converting your visitors to customers

I’ll discuss the first two problems in Part I of this article and Part II will address some ways to increase your conversion ratio.

PROBLEM ONE: Not Enough Traffic

Simply put, no visitors = no sales.

You can have the best product in the world, but if no one can find you online, what good does it do you?

You must devote a significant amount of time daily to attracting visitors to your site. There are lots of ways to do just that.

Here are a few means to attract visitors:

• Submit to the major search engines and directories.
• Launch one or more pay-per-click campaigns. Overture and Findwhat.com are two PPC engines I like.
• Start your own email newsletter in order to maintain contact with visitors and (hopefully) convert them to customers at some point in the future.
• Utilize banner ads. Many publishers now offer pay-per-click banner advertising in addition to the traditional CPM (pay-per-impression) model, so you can get more bang for your advertising buck.
• Locate email newsletter advertising opportunities. Try Ezine Ad Auction or simply look for rate cards/advertising info on the sites and in the newsletters where you want to advertise.
• Become a “regular” on high-traffic message boards whose subject matter relates to your product/service. Many boards allow you to use your SIG file to discreetly promote your site. NEVER blatantly advertise your product or service! Most boards don’t allow it and an obvious ad probably won’t get any attention anyway - at least not the good kind of attention.
• Subscribe to several quality Internet marketing newsletters. Trafficology’s newsletter is my new favorite. You’ll be amazed at the unique traffic-generating ideas people submit each month. Some are super, some are off-the-wall, some are downright sneaky, but they’re always unique.

PROBLEM TWO: Untargeted Traffic

We’ve established that visitors are necessary in order for an online business to survive. Traffic, in and of itself, however, is worthless when it comes to selling your products or services.

Yes, I know I just said “no visitors = no sales”; and it’s true. BUT, there’s a corollary to that rule: the “wrong” visitors - even lots of them = few/no sales, too.

We’re all taught from the time we’re baby webmasters that traffic is the ultimate goal, but the reality is, it’s not.

The ultimate goal is to sell your product or service - and unless your product or service is advertising, traffic alone is useless.

You need targeted traffic.

Here’s the bottom line: you want people to visit your site that are actually interested in what you have to sell.

If you own a site that sells DVDs, visits from a million die-hard VCR users who don’t even own a DVD player might give you an ego rivaling Texas in size when you view your stats, but it ain’t gonna put any money in your pocket.

It’s better to have fewer visitors and make lots of sales than to have lots of visitors and make few sales, right?

Granted, if you have 100,000 visitors and your conversion ratio is 0.1%, that equals 100 buyers. The same amount of buyers you’d have if you converted 2% of 5,000 visitors…I don’t know about you, but I’d rather have the task of herding 5,000 people to my site than trying to attract 100,000.

Spend your hard-earned cash on getting your ads in front of your target market’s eyes. Do a little research; find out where they hang out online and pursue advertising opportunities there.

You don’t have to have huge numbers of visitors to make lots of sales…IF you have the right kind of visitors.

Now, one exception to this rule is that cheap - or better yet, FREE untargeted traffic doesn’t hurt. In fact, you may actually pick up a few sales from people who aren’t your typical customer. They might have a friend that is interested in your product or service and pass your link along to them, or something along those lines.

If it doesn’t cost you much, go for it. Save the big bucks for advertising to your target market, though.

That wraps up Part I. Be sure and read Part II to learn how to more effectively turn visitors into customers.

PROBLEM THREE: Turning Visitors into Customers

In the first part of this article, I discuss two of the three main reasons for lackluster sales at small business web sites - not enough traffic and not getting the right kind of traffic.

This half of the article, I’ll cover reason three: visitors aren’t being converted to customers.

If you’re getting enough targeted traffic but aren’t making many sales, it’s time to examine your site and try to identify potential trouble spots.

Does your site load slowly?

Very few folks are going to wait around for a bloated site to download. Consider cutting unnecessary graphics and always be sure to optimize the images you do use.

Reduce the number of server connects, especially on the home page. For example, if your affiliate program banners are hosted on another server, you might consider moving them to one of your inner pages.

If you clutter your front page with banner ads, you stand to lose the visitor before he even has a chance to find out what your site is all about - either from him mousing away to check out one of your advertisers, or because he’s simply tired of waiting for your page to load.

Do you make it difficult to do business with you?

Get past the knee-jerk reaction of, “Of course not! How stupid!” and take a really hard look at your site.

• Is your navigation consistent and intuitive? Is it easy for visitors to find what they want?
• Do you make them sit through useless intros, splash pages, etc.?
• Do you offer a variety of payment methods?
• Is the order/delivery process explained fully?
• Can the customer access a frequently asked questions page AND CONTACT YOU if he has questions?

Do you maintain contact with your visitors?

Not everyone will buy the first time they visit your site. In fact, the majority WON’T.

Does that mean they don’t need or want what you have to sell? No, it simply means they don’t need or want it *now*. There’s a good chance that sometime in the future, they will want what you have to sell. The question is, how do you keep your product/service on their minds, so that when they’re ready to make that purchase, they choose you?

Starting your own email newsletter is a super way to have sustained contact with potential customers; however, to be effective as a sales tool, the newsletter must offer something of value so that folks subscribe and actually read it.

For example, imagine you sell birdhouses. You could start a newsletter with content that birdlovers would find useful. You could publish original articles, review products and services, include links to sites of interest to your subscribers AND in each issue, you could also place a small ad detailing your current specials, informing subscribers of new items, etc.

The key is, the focus of the newsletter can’t be shameless self-promotion - what value is that to your subscribers? The FOCUS of the newsletter must be content of interest to them.

Do visitors trust you enough to become customers?

It’s not enough to have a great product or a super service. Your visitors must perceive you as trustworthy and credible or they’ll never buy.

Lots of factors play a role in how favorably you’re perceived by visitors. Here are a few ways to boost your credibility:

• Eliminate spelling errors and errors in grammar.
• Use graphics and colors that convey a professional image.
• Post your contact information!
• Consider posting customer testimonials and/or examples of your work.

The suggestions above are just a few ways you can convert more visitors to customers.

Don’t waste time promoting a site that doesn’t do its job!! If your site stinks, tons of visitors won’t do anything to fix your sad sales.

Concentrate on developing a site that SELLS. The higher your conversion ratio, the easier it is to meet and exceed your sales goals.

Source: By Jennifer Johnson on sellitontheweb.com

Microsoft Corp. today issued the following statement:
“In light of developments since the withdrawal of the Microsoft proposal to acquire Yahoo! Inc., Microsoft announced that it is continuing to explore and pursue its alternatives to improve and expand its online services and advertising business. Microsoft is considering and has raised with Yahoo! an alternative that would involve a transaction with Yahoo! but not an acquisition of all of Yahoo! Microsoft is not proposing to make a new bid to acquire all of Yahoo! at this time, but reserves the right to reconsider that alternative depending on future developments and discussions that may take place with Yahoo! or discussions with shareholders of Yahoo! or Microsoft or with other third parties.

“There of course can be no assurance that any transaction will result from these discussions.”

Source: Microsoft

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